In the writing of this study, qualitative research was conducted on existing literature from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations (UN) agencies, and other organisations. Primary and secondary data sources were used to calculate trade flows in Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE) and vehicles from Eurostat, OECD, Chatham House, the World Bank, UN Comtrade, and the International Trade Centre (INTRACEN). Interviews were held with market leaders in Ghana and Nigeria to develop case studies in Chapter 5. Data availability for estimates on trade flows of waste, used goods, and EPR fees is very limited. As the Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System, used at World Trade Organisation level, does not differentiate between recycled materials and used goods, it is impossible to separate data streams. Therefore, this study has relied on data collected from intercepted shipments and studies conducted by other researchers and the UN.