The problems created by the generation of ELV waste arisings have been addressed by Directive 2000/53/EC (the ‘ELV Directive’); which aims to reduce the amount of hazardous waste, increase the re-use, recycling and recovery of materials from ELVs and to improve the environmental performance of operators involved in the production and maintenance of vehicles and in the treatment of ELVs. Articles 7(2) and 7(3) of the Directive require that the 2015 recycling, re-use and recovery targets set in the Directive be reconsidered by the European Parliament and the Council. To this end, the European Commission is required to present a report, accompanied by a proposal, to inform discussion of these targets. In its report, the Commission shall take into account the development of the material composition of vehicles and any other relevant environmental aspects related to vehicles. In line with the objectives of better regulation, the Commission would like the decision on these targets to be based on evidence of the environmental and economic costs and benefits of their achievement. This study has been prepared to provide the Commission with that information and therefore: A: Reports on the economic and environmental benefits arising from the ELV Directive to date. B: Appraises the costs and benefits of a range of potential targets for re-use, recycling and recovery of ELVs from 2015.