This Annex sets out the evidence underpinning the Resources and Waste Strategy. It is positioned within the policy analysis framework provided by HM Government’s Green Book1 . Its primary purpose is to explain the rationale for intervention and provide transparent evidence behind the actions in the Resources and Waste Strategy. It will be a source of information for policy makers as they develop specific policy proposals and have a wide range of applications external to government. For these reasons it focuses on:  Why is the current situation problematic? What is the case for change?  What is the rationale for Government intervention? Why are markets or social processes not working?  What could be done to achieve the policy objectives set out in the Resources and Waste Strategy? What policy instruments could be deployed? This Annex does not attempt to:  Set out all facts, figures and insights relevant to resources and waste policy. It does signpost to relevant sources of information.  Describe comprehensively the current situation in resources and waste, but it does focus down on relevant particulars.  Set out the history of waste policy, except where relevant to assess the current situation.