As second-hand products are exported from the EU to Africa for reuse, the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) fees paid by producers to support waste management costs too often fail to follow them. These case studies, produced by Footprints Africa for the EEB, with the support of the African Circular Economy Network (ACEN) Foundation, respectively explore what this means for the value chains of second-hand electronics exported to Ghana and second-hand cars exported to Nigeria. The case studies complement a study by the Circular Innovation Lab (CIL), highlighting the scale of missing EPR fees for items shipped for reuse from the EU to Africa, the impacts on receiving African economies, and what the EU can do to address the issue.