Publication type: Report
With the increasing usage and dependence on electronic equipment, humans have been generating e-waste at unprecedented rates. In 2019, the reported generation of e-waste was 53.6 million metric tonnes (MMT). E-waste problems are more severe in developing countries that use rudimentary processing technologies and improper e-waste handling and management to deal with their own e-waste and that of other developed countries. The recorded generation of e-waste in India was 1.02 MMT in 2019-2020, increasing at a rate of nearly (CPCB, 2020). Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) are intricate devices consisting of rare, valuable critical raw materials (CRM) which are difficult to extract. The rate of extraction of raw minerals for EEE production is significantly higher than the rate of their formation in nature. It is estimated that by 2050, the rate of consumption of resources would be three times higher than the rate at which earth can replenish and by 2060 the global consumption of materials such as metals and minerals would double (MeitY, 2021). Hence, it is essential to incorporate circularity in e-waste management – something which is missing from the current e-waste legislation in India as it majorly stresses on increasing the recycling rates rather than extending the life of EEE. The current regulations on e-waste management in India are defined under E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016. These rules lay down 21 types of EEE within their jurisdiction. They also introduced and mandated the concept of EPR for e-waste management, by defining the collection targets for brand owners and producers. The rules also state the proper channelization of e-waste right from generation till recycling/disposal. Despite releasing the rules and regulations for e-waste management, the current situation of e-waste management in India is still underwhelming, with majority of WEEE leaking into the informal sector unaccounted. The informal workers process e-waste in an unscientific manner, harming the environment and curtailing resource efficiency. Additionally, EPR is not being exercised properly due to lack of infrastructure and transparency within the e- waste value chain, along with limited responsibility sharing amongst the stakeholders. The White Paper on National EPR framework looks at the entire value chain for e-waste management in India and aims to present an updated, circular and responsibility sharing roadmap incorporating the inputs of various stakeholders within the e-waste value chain.
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