The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is often connected to the Circular Economy (CE). According to policy plans, EPR would stimulate the transition to a CE. This thesis studies the role of EPR in the transition to a CE from an institutional perspective. It utilises a qualitative research approach, combining a literature review with case studies. EPR instruments are analysed using an institutional framework, consisting of several theories and concepts from (new) institutional economics. The instruments’ levels of circularity are assessed by analysing incentivised R-strategies, following the 9R model. Additionally, three EPR schemes in the Netherlands are described and studied using the institutional framework. By combining the results of these analyses, three barriers and five opportunities for heightening circularity of EPR schemes are distinguished. This thesis shows that EPR’s role in facilitating a transition could be more significant if it could overcome its high costs and inabilities to incentivise eco-design and realise higher R-strategies than recycling. By circumventing identified barriers and seizing opportunities, EPR can take a significant role in the transition to a CE.