《扩展生产者责任：政府指南》是经合组织发布的一部政策手册，旨在为各国政府提供设计与实施 EPR（扩展生产者责任）政策的实用框架。报告系统阐述了 EPR 的理论基础、政策目标、制度工具和国际实践经验。其核心思想是让生产者对产品的整个生命周期承担环境责任，尤其在产品废弃后的回收、再利用和再循环阶段发挥主导作用，从而促进资源效率与循环经济的发展。 手册回顾了成员国（包括德国、日本、韩国、加拿大等）在包装、电器、汽车、电子废弃物领域的 EPR 实践，并分析了经济工具（如押金返还制、差别收费、生产者基金等）的有效性。报告还指出，EPR 的成功实施取决于法规的明确性、监管的透明性、企业参与的激励机制，以及消费者和地方政府的协同作用。最后，该指南提出了针对不同国家经济与治理结构的政策建议，帮助政府在制度设计、监督评估与国际合作方面制定可行路线。 [The Extended Producer Responsibility: A Guidance Manual for Governments provides a comprehensive policy framework for governments seeking to design and implement EPR systems. Published by the OECD, the manual outlines the conceptual foundations, policy objectives, and practical mechanisms of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)—a policy approach that shifts the environmental responsibility for products throughout their entire life cycle, including post-consumer recovery and recycling, from municipalities to producers. Drawing on experiences from OECD member countries such as Germany, Japan, Korea, and Canada, the report reviews applications of EPR in packaging, electronics, automotive, and other sectors. It evaluates the effectiveness of economic instruments such as deposit–refund systems, product fees, and producer responsibility organizations. The manual emphasizes that the success of EPR relies on clear legal definitions, transparent enforcement, effective producer engagement, and collaboration among government, industry, and consumers. Finally, it offers policy recommendations adaptable to different national contexts to support sustainable waste management and circular economy goals.]